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Evidence

The evidence behind Dormio.

Every figure on this site comes from peer reviewed literature. Here is where each one comes from, and what it can and cannot support.

Transparency first

What we can and cannot claim today.

The acoustic event detector is in development and validation. A prospective validation study against level 1 polysomnography is planned.

Dormio estimates, identifies patterns, guides and refers. Diagnostic confirmation is always the doctor's.

Every data package sent to a physician states exactly what the detector can and cannot support.

References

Sleep apnea: prevalence, burden and regional variation

  1. 1.

    Benjafield AV, Ayas NT, Eastwood PR, et al. Estimation of the global prevalence and burden of obstructive sleep apnoea: a literature based analysis. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. 2019. Source

  2. 2.

    Senaratna CV, Perret JL, Lodge CJ, et al. Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in the general population: a systematic review. Sleep Medicine Reviews. 2017. Source

  3. 3.

    de Araujo Dantas AB, Gonçalves FM, Martins AA, et al. Worldwide prevalence and associated risk factors of obstructive sleep apnea: a meta analysis and meta regression. Sleep and Breathing. 2023. Source

  4. 4.

    Gottlieb DJ, Punjabi NM. Diagnosis and management of obstructive sleep apnea: a review. JAMA. 2020. Source

  5. 5.

    Veasey SC, Rosen IM. Obstructive sleep apnea in adults. New England Journal of Medicine. 2019. Source

  6. 6.

    Strongman H, Sykorova M, Yu YTN, et al. Incidence and prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea and narcolepsy in the UK: a population based descriptive study. Thorax. 2026. Source

  7. 7.

    Wachinou AP, Houehanou C, Ade S, et al. Prevalence of sleep disordered breathing in an African general population: the Benin Society and Sleep study. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. 2022. Source

  8. 8.

    Kjeldsen MH, Hvilsom GB, Kørvel Hanquist A, Wienecke T, Homøe P. Epidemiology of obstructive sleep apnea in a Danish rural population. European Archives of Oto Rhino Laryngology. 2026. Source

  9. 9.

    Suri TM, Ghosh T, Mittal S, et al. Systematic review and meta analysis of the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in Indian adults. Sleep Medicine Reviews. 2023. Source

  10. 10.

    Haldar P, Prasad K, Kant S, et al. Metabolic risk factors and psychosocial problems independently explain poor sleep quality and obstructive sleep apnea symptoms among adults in urban India. Sleep and Breathing. 2023. Source

  11. 11.

    Redline S, Azarbarzin A, Peker Y. Obstructive sleep apnoea heterogeneity and cardiovascular disease. Nature Reviews Cardiology. 2023. Source

Insomnia and comorbidity

  1. 12.

    Benjafield AV, Sert Kuniyoshi FH, Malhotra A, et al. Estimation of the global prevalence and burden of insomnia: a systematic literature review based analysis. Sleep Medicine Reviews. 2025. Source

  2. 13.

    Sharafkhaneh A, Thomas A, Ulmer C, et al. The management of chronic insomnia disorder and obstructive sleep apnea. Department of Veterans Affairs clinical practice guideline. 2025. Source

  3. 14.

    Bassetti CLA, Randerath W, Vignatelli L, et al. EAN, ERS, ESO and ESRS statement on the impact of sleep disorders on risk and outcome of stroke. European Respiratory Journal. 2020. Source

  4. 15.

    Spiegelhalder K, Baglioni C, Morin CM, et al. Insomnia disorder. Nature Reviews Disease Primers. 2026. Source

  5. 16.

    Morin CM, Buysse DJ. Management of insomnia. New England Journal of Medicine. 2024. Source

  6. 17.

    van Straten A, Weinreich KJ, Fábián B, et al. The prevalence of insomnia disorder in the general population: a meta analysis. Journal of Sleep Research. 2025. Source

  7. 18.

    Bassetti CLA, Welter LS, Montes Martinez M, et al. Epidemiology and economic burden of sleep disorders in Europe. European Journal of Neurology. 2026. Source

  8. 19.

    McArdle N, Ward SV, Bucks RS, et al. The prevalence of common sleep disorders in young adults: a descriptive population based study. Sleep. 2020. Source

  9. 20.

    McArdle N, Reynolds AC, Hillman D, et al. Prevalence of common sleep disorders in a middle aged community sample. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine. 2022. Source

  10. 21.

    American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, text revision. American Psychiatric Association Publishing. 2022. Source

Economic burden

  1. 22.

    American Academy of Sleep Medicine and Frost & Sullivan. Hidden health crisis costing America billions: underdiagnosing and undertreating obstructive sleep apnea draining healthcare system. American Academy of Sleep Medicine. 2016. Source

The $149.6B estimate uses 2015 US data and refers specifically to the annual economic burden of undiagnosed sleep apnea.

Citation map

What supports each figure.

StatementReferences
1 billion adults have sleep apnea1
Over 850 million have insomnia12, 17
Sleep apnea and insomnia often coexist13, 14
Over 80% of moderate to severe cases remain undiagnosed4, 5
Europe8, 18
India9, 10
Africa7
United Kingdom6
Cardiovascular risk and heterogeneity11
$150B annual US economic burden from undiagnosed sleep apnea22

Prevalence estimates use different methods and thresholds across studies, so figures are shown as ranges and are not strictly comparable.